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Staining is a technique used to enhance contrast in samples, ... [13] Periodic acid-Schiff is a histology special stain used to mark carbohydrates (glycogen, ...
In contrast to H&E, which is used as a general stain, there are many techniques that more selectively stain cells, cellular components, and specific substances. [12] A commonly performed histochemical technique that targets a specific chemical is the Perls' Prussian blue reaction, used to demonstrate iron deposits [12] in diseases like ...
The term "immunostaining" was originally used to refer to the immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections, as first described by Albert Coons in 1941. [1] However, immunostaining now encompasses a broad range of techniques used in histology, cell biology, and molecular biology that use antibody-based staining methods.
In immunohistochemical techniques, there are several steps prior to the final staining of the tissue that can cause a variety of problems. It can be strong background staining, weak target antigen staining and presence of artifacts. It is important that antibody quality and the immunohistochemistry techniques are optimized. [16]
The H&E staining procedure is the principal stain in histology [3] [7] [2] [5] in part because it can be done quickly, [7] is not expensive, and stains tissues in such a way that a considerable amount of microscopic anatomy [9] [10] is revealed, [7] [5] [4] and can be used to diagnose a wide range of histopathologic conditions. [8]
Trichrome staining is a histological staining method that uses two or more acid dyes in conjunction with a polyacid. Staining differentiates tissues by tinting them in contrasting colours. It increases the contrast of microscopic features in cells and tissues, which makes them easier to see when viewed through a microscope.
Masson's trichrome stain of rat airway. Connective tissue is stained blue, nuclei are stained dark red/purple, and cytoplasm is stained red/pink. Mouse skin stained with Masson's trichrome stain. Masson's trichrome is a three-colour staining procedure used in histology.
The most commonly used stain in histology is a combination of hematoxylin and eosin (often abbreviated H&E). Hematoxylin is used to stain nuclei blue, while eosin stains the cytoplasm and the extracellular connective tissue matrix of most cells pink. There are hundreds of various other techniques which have been used to selectively stain cells.