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Corylus avellana, the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae. The shrubs usually grow 3–8 metres (10–26 feet) tall. The nut is round, in contrast to the longer filbert nut. Common hazel is native to Europe and Western Asia. The species is mainly cultivated for its nuts.
Corylus americana, the American hazelnut [3] or American hazel, [4] is a species of deciduous shrub in the genus Corylus, native to the eastern and central United States and extreme southern parts of eastern and central Canada.
Several rare species of Graphidion lichen depend on hazel trees. In the UK, five species of moth are specialised to feed on hazel including Parornix devoniella. Animals which eat hazelnuts include red deer, dormouse and red squirrel. [14]
The state produces 99% of the nation's filberts or hazelnuts, with the preferred name depending on who you ask.
Cracked hazelnut shell displaying the edible seed Hazelnut tree, Turkey. A hazelnut cob is roughly spherical to oval, about 15–25 millimetres (5 ⁄ 8 –1 inch) long and 10–15 mm (3 ⁄ 8 – 5 ⁄ 8 in) in diameter, with an outer fibrous husk surrounding a smooth shell, while a filbert is more elongated, being about twice as long as its diameter.
The common hazel (Corylus avellana) and the filbert (Corylus maxima) are important orchard plants, grown for their edible nuts. The other genera include a number of popular ornamental trees , widely planted in parks and large gardens; several of the birches are particularly valued for their smooth, brightly coloured bark .
Corylus cornuta var. californica – Western beaked hazel or California hazelnut. Large shrub, 4 to 15 m (13 to 49 ft) tall; [ 7 ] 'beak' shorter, usually less than 3 cm ( 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in). Occurs below 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in California , and below 800 m (2,600 ft) in British Columbia .
Corylus colurna is however important in commercial hazelnut orchards, as it does not sucker, making it the ideal rootstock on which to graft the nut-bearing common hazel cultivars. The nut can only be found on female trees. Nut production is irregular and occurs every two to three years [4]