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Chemical structure of an LNA monomer an additional bridge bonds the 2' oxygen and the 4' carbon of the pentose. A locked nucleic acid (LNA), also known as bridged nucleic acid (BNA), [1] and often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified RNA nucleotide in which the ribose moiety is modified with an extra bridge connecting the 2' oxygen and 4' carbon.
2′-O-methylated ribose causes an increase in the 3′-endo conformation; Pseudouridine (psi/Ψ) adds another option for H-bonding. Heavily methylated RNA is protected from hydrolysis. rRNA acts as a ribozyme by catalyzing its own hydrolysis and splicing.
L-Ribose Fischer Projection. Ribose is a simple sugar and carbohydrate with molecular formula C 5 H 10 O 5 and the linear-form composition H−(C=O)−(CHOH) 4 −H. The naturally occurring form, d-ribose, is a component of the ribonucleotides from which RNA is built, and so this compound is necessary for coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes.
A bridged nucleic acid (BNA) is a modified RNA nucleotide. They are sometimes also referred to as constrained or inaccessible RNA molecules.BNA monomers can contain a five-membered, six-membered or even a seven-membered bridged structure with a "fixed" C 3 '-endo sugar puckering. [1]
The conformation of G is syn, C2'-endo; for C it is anti, C3'-endo. [13] A linear DNA molecule having free ends can rotate, to adjust to changes of various dynamic processes in the cell, by changing how many times the two chains of its double helix twist around each other. Some DNA molecules are circular and are topologically constrained.
These A-B intermediate forms adopt the sugar pucker properties and/or the base conformation of both DNA forms. In one study, the characteristic C3'-endo pucker is found on the first three sugars of the DNA strand, while the last three sugars have a C2'-endo pucker, like B-DNA. [2]
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U2 spliceosomal snRNAs are a species of small nuclear RNA molecules found in the major spliceosomal (Sm) machinery of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. In vivo, U2 snRNA along with its associated polypeptides assemble to produce the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (), an essential component of the major spliceosomal complex. [1]