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Pinot noir is New Zealand's largest red wine variety, and second largest variety overall behind Sauvignon blanc. In 2014, Pinot noir vines covered 5,569 hectares (13,760 acres) and produced 36,500 tonnes of grapes. [32] Pinot noir is a grape variety whose "importance" in New Zealand is extremely high.
The lower the temperature, the more slowly a wine develops. [4] On average, the rate of chemical reactions in wine double with each 18 °F (10 °C) increase in temperature. Wine expert Karen MacNeil recommends keeping wine intended for aging in a cool area with a constant temperature around 55 °F (13 °C). Wine can be stored at temperatures as ...
The temperature is therefore often controlled using different refrigeration systems. Winemakers have different opinions about the ideal temperature for fermentation, but in general cooler temperatures (25–28 °C; 77–82 °F) produce fruitier red wines for early drinking while higher temperatures (28–35 °C; 82–95 °F) produce more tannic ...
It is possible to produce white (colorless) wines from red grapes by the fastidious pressing of uncrushed fruit. This minimizes contact between grape juice and skins (as in the making of Blanc de noirs sparkling wine, which is derived from Pinot noir, a red vinifera grape). An alternative method to maceration is hot press or thermovinification ...
Tom Stevenson speculates that 52 °F (11 °C) may be the most ideal temperature for storage and aging, while Karen MacNeil recommends keeping wine intended for ageing in a cool area with a constant temperature around 55 °F (13 °C). Wine can be stored at temperatures as high as 69 °F (21 °C) without long-term negative effect.
The Winkler index uses the standard method of calculating growing degree-days in viticulture and is based on using a base temperature of 50 °F (10 °C) with no upper temperature cut-off. The first issue is that 50 °F (10 °C) is not likely the best base temperature even though it is the most commonly used value.
Los Carneros (also known as Carneros) is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) which includes parts of both Sonoma and Napa counties in California, U.S.A. The 37,000 acres (58 sq mi) area was recognized on September 18, 1983 by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), Treasury after reviewing the petition submitted by Beaulieu Vineyards proposing to establish a viticultural area named ...
This effect is widely used in engineering applications, for example to mix air and fuel in carburetors. This method has been noted by wine experts [citation needed] to be too harsh for thinner skinned varietals such as Pinot noir or Gamay. Boxed wine and vacuumed sealed wine can be aerated through the use of a single glass aerator.
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