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Advanced cardiac life support, advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical guidelines established by the American Heart Association (AHA) for the urgent and emergent treatment of life-threatening cardiovascular conditions that will cause or have caused cardiac arrest, using advanced medical procedures, medications, and techniques.
Per current guidelines (e.g., the ESC guidelines from 2015 and 2021) a patient has to wait at least 40 to 90 days after the cardiac event (e.g., myocardial infarction or newly diagnosed heart failure with reduced left ventricular function) before the decision to implant an ICD should be made. [21]
risk of stroke (for non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation) The CHADS 2 score and its updated version, the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score , are clinical prediction rules for estimating the risk of stroke in people with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF), a common and serious heart arrhythmia associated with thromboembolic stroke.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke. [3] [12] It is a type of supraventricular tachycardia. [14] Atrial fibrillation frequently results from bursts of tachycardia that originate in muscle bundles extending from the atrium to the pulmonary veins. [15]
According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, intravenous digoxin (cardiac glycoside) can be used in atrial fibrillation (Afib) to assist heartbeats. [90] In multicenter randomised controlled trials, intravenous digoxin was shown to be effective in controlling the heart rate compared to a placebo. [91] [92]
He was part of the guideline writing committee for the 2021 ACC/AHA Myocardial Revascularization Guidelines and he is a member of the AHA Joint Committee on Clinical Practices Guidelines. [11] He was the Chair of the Coronary Artery Surgery Task Force of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery from 2017 to 2023.
The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification provides a simple way of classifying the extent of heart failure.It places patients in one of four categories based on how much they are limited during physical activity; the limitations/symptoms are in regard to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath and/or angina.
Accordingly, atrial fibrillation presenting in a newborn should raise the suspicion of short QT syndrome. [1] In addition, far more dangerous heart rhythm disturbances such as ventricular fibrillation can also occur in those with short QT syndrome, leading to blackouts or even sudden death . [ 3 ]