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SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
Merkle tree NLFSR (it is also a keyed hash function) RadioGatún: arbitrary ideal mangling function RIPEMD: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-128: 128 bits hash RIPEMD-160: 160 bits hash RIPEMD-256: 256 bits hash RIPEMD-320: 320 bits hash SHA-1: 160 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-224: 224 bits Merkle–Damgård construction: SHA-256: 256 bits ...
In cryptography, the Merkle–Damgård construction or Merkle–Damgård hash function is a method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from collision-resistant one-way compression functions. [1]: 145 This construction was used in the design of many popular hash algorithms such as MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2.
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), per FIPS 180-4, using SHA-384 to protect up to TOP SECRET. Diffie-Hellman (DH) Key Exchange, per RFC 3526, minimum 3072-bit modulus to protect up to TOP SECRET RSA for key establishment (NIST SP 800-56B rev 1) and digital signatures (FIPS 186-4), minimum 3072-bit modulus to protect up to TOP SECRET
FIPS PUB 180-2 Secure Hash Standard (SHS) 2002 defines the SHA family; FIPS PUB 181 Automated Password Generator (APG) 1993; FIPS PUB 185 Escrowed Encryption Standard (EES) 1994, a key escrow system that provides for decryption of telecommunications when lawfully authorized. FIPS PUB 186-2 Digital Signature Standard 2000
Office 2013 uses 128-bit AES, again with hash algorithm SHA-1 by default. [6] It introduces SHA-512 hashes in the encryption algorithm, making brute-force and rainbow table attacks slower. [citation needed] Office 2016 uses, by default, 256-bit AES, the SHA-2 hash algorithm, 16 bytes of salt and CBC (cipher block chaining). [7]