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An inertial navigation system (INS; also inertial guidance system, inertial instrument) is a navigation device that uses motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors and a computer to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the ...
Inertial guidance uses sensitive measurement devices to calculate the location of the missile due to the acceleration put on it after leaving a known position. Early mechanical systems were not very accurate, and required some sort of external adjustment to allow them to hit targets even the size of a city.
Guidance, navigation and control (abbreviated GNC, GN&C, or G&C) is a branch of engineering dealing with the design of systems to control the movement of vehicles, especially, automobiles, ships, aircraft, and spacecraft. In many cases these functions can be performed by trained humans.
A guidance system is usually part of a Guidance, navigation and control system, whereas navigation refers to the systems necessary to calculate the current position and orientation based on sensor data like those from compasses, GPS receivers, Loran-C, star trackers, inertial measurement units, altimeters, etc.
Inertial navigation system is an estimated position source, utilizing acceleration, deceleration, and pitch and roll for computing. Bottom contour navigation may be used in areas where detailed hydrographic data has been charted and there is adequate variation in sea floor topography.
Examples would be radio control (command guidance) or inertial guidance systems, which fly the missile closer to the target. In this role, these are known as "midcourse guidance" systems. In practice, terminal guidance systems are often optical or active radar systems, in an effort to greatly increase accuracy.
From this work it is recommended to use the Cholesky decomposition method. In addition to aircraft applications, GPS/INS has also been studied for automobile applications such as autonomous navigation, [ 13 ] [ 14 ] vehicle dynamics control, [ 15 ] or sideslip, roll, and tire cornering stiffness estimation.
The main disadvantage of both SACLOS guidance systems in an anti-tank role is that working on angular differences evaluation, it does not allow any notable separation between guidance system and missile launch post the opposite of manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) ones, thus allowing updated version of such anti-tank weapons (notably AT-3 ...