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The IUGS recommends classifying igneous rocks by their mineral composition whenever possible. This is straightforward for coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, but may require examination of thin sections under a microscope for fine-grained volcanic rock, and may be impossible for glassy volcanic rock. The rock must then be classified ...
QAPF diagram for classification of plutonic rocks. A QAPF diagram is a doubled-triangle plot diagram used to classify intrusive igneous rocks based on their mineralogy.The acronym QAPF stands for "Quartz, Alkali feldspar, Plagioclase, Feldspathoid (Foid)", which are the four mineral groups used for classification in a QAPF diagram.
Monzodiorite – igneous rock An intrusive igneous rock intermediate in composition between diorite and monzonite; Monzogranite – Biotite granite rocks that are considered to be the final fractionation product of magma – A silica-undersaturated granite with <5% normative quartz
English: Graph of mineral content, by percentage, of various igneous rocks.The dotted line on the figure represents one such value, where roughly 2% quartz, 6% alkali feldspar, 54% plagioclase feldspar, 2% pyroxene, 21% amphibole, and 15% mica suggests a rock of intermediate composition, either andesite or diorite (depending on crystal size and other factors).
Differences in chemical composition and crystal structure distinguish the various species. Within a mineral species there may be variation in physical properties or minor amounts of impurities that are recognized by mineralogists or wider society as a mineral variety. Mineral variety names are listed after the valid minerals for each letter.
The three major rock types are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed directly from magma, which is a mixture of molten rock, dissolved gases, and solid crystals. Sedimentary rock is formed from mineral or organic particles that collect at the Earth's surface and become lithified. Metamorphic rock forms by ...
The minerals in a phaneritic igneous rock are sufficiently large to see each individual crystal with the naked eye. Examples of phaneritic igneous rocks are gabbro , diorite , and granite . Porphyritic textures develop when conditions during the cooling of magma change relatively quickly.
The proportion of silica in rocks and minerals is a major factor in determining their names and properties. [7] Rock outcrop along a mountain creek near Orosí, Costa Rica. Rocks are classified according to characteristics such as mineral and chemical composition, permeability, texture of the constituent particles, and particle size.