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The Soviet Union earned hard currency by exporting fuels and other primary products to the industrialized West and then used this currency to buy sophisticated manufactures and agricultural products, primarily grain. Trade with the Third World usually involved exchanging machinery and armaments for tropical foodstuffs and raw materials. [1]
In July 1973, the Soviet Union purchased 10 million short tons (9.1 × 10 ^ 6 t) of grain (mainly wheat and corn) from the United States at subsidized prices, which caused global grain prices to soar. Crop shortfalls in 1971 and 1972 forced the Soviet Union to look abroad for grain.
Surplus products, as well as surplus livestock, were sold to kolkhozy and sovkhozy and also to state consumer cooperatives. Statistics may actually under-represent the total contribution of private plots to Soviet agriculture. [ 35 ]
Beryozka or Beriozka (Russian: Берёзка, lit. "little birch") was the common name of two chains of state-run retail stores in the Soviet Union that sold goods in exchange for foreign currency. Beriozkas sold luxury goods such as chocolate and caviar that were often unavailable or unaffordable in traditional Soviet markets and shops. [1]
However, the production of consumer goods was disproportionately low. Economic planners made little effort to determine the wishes of household consumers, resulting in severe shortages of many consumer goods. Whenever these consumer goods would become available on the market, consumers routinely had to stand in long lines (queues) to buy them. [32]
The Soviet government looked to teach Soviet citizens about Marxist–Leninist ideology along with table manners and discerning taste in food and material goods. [2] Bolsheviks were expected to be cultured and mannered. Being able to discuss luxury goods with comrades was an important social skill.
Surplus border wall material headed for auction in Arizona was blocked by the U.S. government according to Texas officials. Texas wants to buy surplus border wall parts but U.S. government ended ...
The Soviet famine of 1930–1933 was a famine in the major ... The anticipated surplus was to pay for industrialization. ... Unable to find work or possibly buy or ...