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Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment. As an ointment, tacrolimus is used in the treatment of dermatitis (eczema), in particular atopic dermatitis, if topical corticosteroids and moisturisers fail in helping. [17] [18] It suppresses inflammation in a similar way to steroids, and is equally as effective as a mid-potency steroid.
Avoiding sun exposure and the use of sunscreens (not containing zinc oxide as this is toxic to dogs [10] [11]) is important. Topical therapy includes corticosteroid and tacrolimus [12] use. Oral vitamin E or omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are also used.
There is no association to increased risk of cancer from topical use of pimecrolimus nor tacrolimus. [69] [71] When eczema is severe and does not respond to other forms of treatment, systemic immunosuppressants are sometimes used. Immunosuppressants can cause significant side effects and some require regular blood tests.
Although it is a structural analogue of tacrolimus, it acts somewhat differently and has different side-effects. Contrary to ciclosporin and tacrolimus, drugs that affect the first phase of T lymphocyte activation, sirolimus affects the second phase, namely signal transduction and lymphocyte clonal proliferation.
Triamcinolone acetonide is also used in veterinary medicine as an ingredient in topical ointments and in topical sprays for control of pruritus in dogs. [28] A series of injections with triamcinolone acetonide or another corticosteroid may reduce keloid size and irritation. It is used as a preinductor and/or inductor of birth in cows.
Pimecrolimus has a similar mode of action to that of tacrolimus but is more selective, with no effect on dendritic (Langerhans) cells. [19] It has lower permeation through the skin than topical steroids or topical tacrolimus [20] although they have not been compared with each other for their permeation ability through mucosa. In addition, in ...
Serious side effects may include psychosis, increased risk of infections, adrenal suppression, and bronchospasm. [6] Use in pregnancy is generally safe. [7] It works by decreasing inflammation and immune system activity. [6] Triamcinolone was patented in 1956 and came into medical use in 1958. [8] It is available as a generic medication. [9]
Betamethasone is a steroid medication. [3] It is used for a number of diseases including rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, skin diseases such as dermatitis and psoriasis, allergic conditions such as asthma and angioedema, preterm labor to speed the development of the baby's lungs, Crohn's disease, cancers such as leukemia, and along with ...