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Linothorax armor made out of linen fabric was the most common form of infantry torso armor, being cheap and relatively light. Bronze breastplate armor was also used, in forms such as a bell cuirass. Little other armor was worn, and fatal blows to unprotected areas (such as the bladder or neck) are recorded in ancient art and poetry. [12]
The term linothorax is a modern term based on the Greek λινοθώραξ, which means "wearing a breastplate of linen"; [1] a number of ancient Greek and Latin texts from the 6th century BC to the third century AD mention θώρακες λίνεοι (thorakes lineoi) (Greek) or loricae linteae (Latin) which means 'linen body armour'. These ...
Pteruges of leather or stiffened linen are depicted at the shoulders and hips, emerging from beneath his cuirass. Detail of the Alexander Mosaic , a Roman copy of a Hellenistic painting. Pteruges (also spelled pteryges ; from Ancient Greek πτέρυγες ( ptéruges ) 'feathers') are strip-like defences for the upper parts of limbs attached ...
An Ancient Greek bronze cuirass, dated between 620 and 580 BC. In Hellenistic and Roman times, the musculature of the male torso was idealized in the form of the muscle cuirass [2] or "heroic cuirass" (in French the cuirasse esthétique) [3] sometimes further embellished with symbolic representation in relief, familiar in the Augustus of Prima Porta and other heroic representations in official ...
A manica (Latin: manica, "sleeve"; [1] Greek: χεῖρες, kheires, "sleeves") was a type of iron or copper-alloy laminated arm guard with curved, overlapping metal segments or plates fastened to leather straps worn by ancient and late antique heavy cavalry, infantry, and gladiators.
Left greave of a Greek Hoplite. This example has elaborate decoration in repoussé (a technique in which metal is impressed from the rear to form a raised design), including a lion's face over the knee and lines emphasizing the calf muscles. Tiny holes lining the top and bottom edges secured a fabric lining and leather straps.
The Ancient Greek hoplites used a round, bowl-shaped wooden shield that was reinforced with bronze and called an aspis. The aspis was also the longest-lasting and most famous and influential of all of the ancient Greek shields. [citation needed] The Spartans used the aspis to create the Greek phalanx formation. [4]
Open, quilted leather jackets and trousers were worn by Scythian horsemen before the 4th century BC, as can be seen on Scythian gold ornaments crafted by Greek goldsmiths. As stand-alone cloth armour, the European gambeson can be traced at least to the late tenth century, but it is likely to have been used in various forms for longer.