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Normal axis, or yaw axis — an axis drawn from top to bottom, and perpendicular to the other two axes, parallel to the fuselage or frame station.; Transverse axis, lateral axis, or pitch axis — an axis running from the pilot's left to right in piloted aircraft, and parallel to the wings of a winged aircraft, parallel to the buttock line.
Finally, in case of space vehicles like the Space Shuttle etc., a modification of the latter convention is used, where the vehicle's (body's) positive y- or pitch axis again always points to its right, and its positive z- or yaw axis always points down, but “down” now may have two different meanings: If a so-called local frame is used as ...
the elevation of the exposure station above the datum (usually mean sea level). altitude the vertical distance of the aircraft above the Earth's surface. tilt the angle between the aerial camera and the horizontal axis perpendicular to the line of flight. tip the angle between the aerial camera and the line of flight. principal point
Origin - airplane center of gravity; x w axis - positive in the direction of the velocity vector of the aircraft relative to the air; z w axis - perpendicular to the x w axis, in the plane of symmetry of the aircraft, positive below the aircraft; y w axis - perpendicular to the x w,z w-plane, positive determined by the right hand rule ...
An aircraft moves at any given moment in one or more of three axes: roll (the axis that runs the length of the fuselage), pitch (the axis running laterally through the wings), and yaw (the vertical axis around which the front of the aircraft turns to the left or right whilst its rear turns toward the opposite direction).
In surveying, bearings can be referenced to true north, magnetic north, grid north (the Y axis of a map projection), or a previous map, which is often a historical magnetic north. [ citation needed ] If navigating by gyrocompass , the reference direction is true north , in which case the terms true bearing and geodetic bearing are used.
Two points on a fuselage at waterline 100/fuselage station 93 and waterline 101/fuselage station 276. Lofting coordinates are used for aircraft body measurements. The system derives from the one that was used in the shipbuilding lofting process, with longitudinal axis labeled as "stations" (usually fuselage stations, frame stations, FS), transverse axis as "buttocks lines" (or butt lines, BL ...
Angle of incidence of an airplane wing on an airplane. On fixed-wing aircraft, the angle of incidence (sometimes referred to as the mounting angle [1] or setting angle) is the angle between the chord line of the wing where the wing is mounted to the fuselage, and a reference axis along the fuselage (often the direction of minimum drag, or where applicable, the longitudinal axis).