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Camphor is commonly applied as a topical medication as a skin cream or ointment to relieve itching from insect bites, minor skin irritation, or joint pain. [23] It is absorbed in the skin epidermis , [ 23 ] where it stimulates nerve endings sensitive to heat and cold, producing a warm sensation when vigorously applied, or a cool sensation when ...
Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. [6] [7] As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice. [8]It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. [6] As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto outer clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them.
Oxymetazoline, sold under the brand name Afrin among others, is a topical decongestant and vasoconstrictor medication. It is available over-the-counter as a nasal spray to treat nasal congestion and nosebleeds, as eye drops to treat eye redness due to minor irritation, and (in the United States) as a prescription topical cream to treat persistent facial redness due to rosacea in adults.
Consistency and viscosity affect the adhesion and retention property of the gel, and are important in ensuring the gel is retained at the site of application and effective delivery of the drug. [ 3 ] The ingredients in topical gel formulation can be broadly categorized into four types: gelator, solvent, drug, and excipients.
Chlorobutanol (trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol) is an organic compound with the formula CCl 3 C(OH)(CH 3) 2.The compound is an example of a chlorohydrin.The compound is a preservative, sedative, hypnotic and weak local anesthetic similar in nature to chloral hydrate.
For these purposes PVP-I has been formulated at concentrations of 7.5–10.0% in solution, spray, surgical scrub, ointment, and swab dosage forms; however, use of 10% povidone-iodine though recommended, is infrequently used, as it is poorly accepted by health care workers and is excessively slow to dry. [11] [12]