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In biology, taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις () 'arrangement' and -νομία () 'method') is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
A pioneering system of plant taxonomy, Linnaeus's Systema Naturae, Leiden, 1735 This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents "taxonomic systems" used in plant classification.
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation of things to the classes (classification).
Classification is the activity of assigning objects to some pre-existing classes or categories. This is distinct from the task of establishing the classes themselves (for example through cluster analysis). [1]
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The title page of Systema Naturae, Leiden (1735). Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts: . The particular form of biological classification (taxonomy) set up by Carl Linnaeus, as set forth in his Systema Naturae (1735) and subsequent works.
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants.It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) (see Bibliography).
Phylogenetic nomenclature associates names with clades, groups consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants.Such groups are said to be monophyletic.There are slightly different methods of specifying the ancestor, which are discussed below.