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Icosahedral capsid of an adenovirus Virus capsid T-numbers. The icosahedral structure is extremely common among viruses. The icosahedron consists of 20 triangular faces delimited by 12 fivefold vertexes and consists of 60 asymmetric units. Thus, an icosahedral virus is made of 60N protein subunits.
Icosahedral symmetry fundamental domains A soccer ball, a common example of a spherical truncated icosahedron, has full icosahedral symmetry. Rotations and reflections form the symmetry group of a great icosahedron. In mathematics, and especially in geometry, an object has icosahedral symmetry if it has the same symmetries as a regular icosahedron.
The icosahedral capsid structure is the most common arrangement due to 2-3-5 symmetry of its namesake shape, allowing for the use of up to the greatest number (60 units) of triangular “identical symmetrical units” to construct a 'spherical' shell to enclose some given material at any given size. [12]
A regular icosahedron is topologically identical to a cuboctahedron with its 6 square faces bisected on diagonals with pyritohedral symmetry. The icosahedra with pyritohedral symmetry constitute an infinite family of polyhedra which include the cuboctahedron, regular icosahedron, Jessen's icosahedron, and double cover octahedron. Cyclical ...
Various arrangements of capsomeres are: 1) Icosahedral, 2) Helical, and 3) Complex. 1) Icosahedral- An icosahedron is a polyhedron with 12 vertices and 20 faces. Two types of capsomeres constitute the icosahedral capsid: pentagonal (pentons) at the vertices and hexagonal at the faces. There are always twelve pentons, but the number of hexons ...
Virions consist of a capsid. The capsid is not enveloped, round with T=3 icosahedral symmetry. The isometric capsid has a diameter of 35–39 nm. Particles with T=1 symmetry, composed of 60 capsid proteins are also observed, which have diameter of about 15 nm. [4] Capsids appear round to hexagonal in outline. The capsid surface structure ...
Schematic diagram of a Parvoviridae virion A diagram of the canine parvovirus's capsid, containing 60 monomers of the capsid protein. Parvovirus virions are 23–28 nanometers (nm) in diameter and consist of the genome enclosed inside a capsid that is icosahedral in shape with a rugged surface. The capsid is composed of 60 structurally ...
Astroviruses are 28-30 nm non-enveloped viruses with T-3 icosahedral symmetry. They have spherical shapes and consist of a capsid protein shell. Astroviruses have distinctive five or six pointed star-like projections on 10% of the virions (the other virions have smooth surfaces). [4]