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In American English, both buffalo and bison are considered correct terms for the American bison. [16] However, in British English, the word buffalo is reserved for the African buffalo and water buffalo and not used for the bison. [17] In English usage, the term buffalo was used to refer to the American mammal as early as 1625. [18]
The near extinction of the species during the 19th century unraveled fundamental ties between bison, grassland ecosystems, and indigenous peoples’ cultures and livelihoods. English speakers used the word buffalo for this animal when they arrived. [1] Bison was used as the scientific term to distinguish them from the true buffalo.
Although colloquially referred to as a buffalo in the United States and Canada, [2] it is only distantly related to the true buffalo. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the Plains bison , B. b. bison , and the wood bison , B. b. athabascae , which is the namesake of Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada.
The Buffalo Field Campaign and Western Watersheds Project filed a petition in 2014 that contends that these herds are two separate groups and are genetically distinct. They asked that the bison be declared endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act with a separate population limit for each of the two herds. [5]
U.S. Endangered Species List: Flora—plants Species Search at U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: "List of endangered species"
The Smokies has its own list of endangered and threatened residents that the park and its partners are helping to protect, including a few mammals. Word from the Smokies: At 50, Endangered Species ...
Suckley’s cuckoo bumble bee may be classified as endangered under the Endangered Species Act after a recommendation from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This social parasite is native to 15 ...
In 1988, the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada changed the subspecies' conservation status from "endangered" to "threatened", where it remains. [ 36 ] On June 17, 2008, 53 wood bison were transferred from Alberta's Elk Island National Park to the Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center in Anchorage, Alaska . [ 37 ]