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English: This detailed astronaut photograph depicts the summit caldera of the volcano. The huge caldera—6 kilometers in diameter and 1,100 meters deep—formed when Tambora’s estimated 4,000-meter-high peak was removed, and the magma chamber below emptied during the 1815 eruption.
Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Located on Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands , it was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it. Before 1815 , its elevation reached more than 4,300 metres (14,100 feet) high, making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago.
This cooling directly or indirectly caused 90,000 deaths. The eruption of Mount Tambora was the largest cause of this climate anomaly. [22] While there were other eruptions in 1815, Tambora is classified as a VEI-7 eruption with a column 45 km (148,000 ft) tall, eclipsing all others by at least one order of magnitude.
Art Bicnick/Getty. 1783: Laki, Iceland ... It’s believed about 15,000 people died. In the 1990s, the volcano began grumbling out of its slumber again. Wikimedia Commons. 1815: Mount Tambora ...
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [ 10 ]
Volcano VEI Location Year Eruption Source(s) 71,000 to 250,100+ Mount Tambora: 7 Indonesia: 1815 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora, Year Without a Summer: 36,000+ Krakatoa: 6 Indonesia: 1883 1883 eruption of Krakatoa: 30,000 Mount Pelée: 4 Martinique: 1902 1902 eruption of Mount Pelée: 23,000 Nevado del Ruiz: 3 Colombia: 1985 Armero tragedy ...
The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa and the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas on Lombok were among the largest in the last two millennia, ranking 7 on the VEI scale. [14] The Sunda Arc subduction zone was also the site of one of the largest known eruptions of the Cenozoic , the VEI 8 Toba supereruption on Sumatra , which expelled 2,800 ...
The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior has named Mount Merapi as a Decade Volcano since 1995 because of its high volcanic activity. As of 2012, Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes and about 5 million people live within the danger zones.