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Microwave auditory effects and applications, James C. Lin; Publisher: Thomas; ISBN 0-398-03704-3; United States Department of Defense, Air Force Research Laboratory comprehensive review on RFR-auditory effect in humans "Auditory Responses to Pulsed Radiofrequency Energy [dead link ]" Bioelectromagnetics Suppl 8: S162-73, 2003.
According to the U.S. Navy in 2004, the system would be "portable, low power, have a controllable radius of coverage, be able to switch from crowd to individual coverage, cause a temporarily incapacitating effect, have a low probability of fatality or permanent injury, cause no damage to property, and have a low probability of affecting friendly personnel". [3]
Since 1962, the microwave auditory effect or tinnitus has been shown from radio frequency exposure at levels below significant heating. [34] Studies during the 1960s in Europe and Russia claimed to show effects on humans, especially the nervous system, from low energy RF radiation; the studies were disputed at the time. [35] [36]
Psychoacoustics is the branch of psychophysics involving the scientific study of the perception of sound by the human auditory system.It is the branch of science studying the psychological responses associated with sound including noise, speech, and music.
These figures are from James Lin's recently released "Auditory Effects of Microwave Radiation": "The auditory effect RF energy thresholds were observed at 16 +/- 4 millijoules per pulse. The auditory threshold of RF pulse widths greater than 200 microseconds occurred at an average peak power level as low as 20W for surface coils."
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The effect of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) in reducing stuttering has been noted since the 1950s. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] A DAF user hears his or her voice in headphones, delayed a fraction of a second. Typical delays are in the 50 millisecond to 200 millisecond range. [ 2 ]