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The generality of applicability of the matching law is subject of current debate. [2] The matching law can be applied to situations involving a single response maintained by a single schedule of reinforcement if one assumes that alternative responses are always available to an organism, maintained by uncontrolled "extraneous" reinforcers.
When both the concurrent schedules are variable intervals, a quantitative relationship known as the matching law is found between relative response rates in the two schedules and the relative reinforcement rates they deliver; this was first observed by R.J. Herrnstein in 1961. Matching law is a rule for instrumental behavior which states that ...
This finding is summarized in the matching law, which generated a great deal of both matching research and matching theorizing. Herrnstein (1970) suggested that matching may be a basic behavioral process, whereas Rachlin et al. (1976) suggested that matching comes about because it maximizes rate of matching reinforcement.
This is governed by the relative law of effect (i.e., the matching law; Herrnstein, 1970). Secondly, the Pavlovian relation between surrounding, or context, stimuli and the rate or magnitude (but not both) of reinforcement obtained in the context (i.e., a stimulus–reinforcer relation) governs the resistance of the behavior to operations such ...
where R 1 and R 2 are rates of response for two alternative responses, and r 1 and r 2 are rates of reinforcement for the same two responses. Behavior conforming to this law is matching, and explanations of matching and of departures from matching are a large and important part of the literature on behavioral choice. [1]
In the development of anti-social behavior, etiological models for anti-social behavior show considerable correlation with negative reinforcement and response matching (see matching law). [68] [94] Escape conditioning, through the use of coercive behavior, has a powerful effect on the development and use of future anti-social tactics.
Richard Herrnstein – developed the matching law, a mathematical model for decision making, co-authored the controversial The Bell Curve. James Holland – co-wrote the highly cited and well-known Principles of Behavior with B.F. Skinner. Fred S. Keller – creator of the Personalized System of Instruction (PSI).
The field was founded by Richard Herrnstein (1961) when he introduced the matching law to quantify the behavior of organisms working on concurrent schedules of reinforcement. The field has integrated models from economics , zoology , philosophy , political science (including voter behavior ) and psychology, especially mathematical psychology of ...