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Islamic geometric patterns are derived from simpler designs used in earlier cultures: Greek, Roman, and Sasanian. They are one of three forms of Islamic decoration , the others being the arabesque based on curving and branching plant forms, and Islamic calligraphy ; all three are frequently used together.
Early examples of Islamic geometric patterns made of straight strap lines can be seen in the architecture of the surviving gateway of the Ribat-i Malik caravanserai, Uzbekistan, built in 1078. [4] The wild application of girih on architectures should credit to the close relationship between Islamic architecture, geometry, and craft.
Girih tiles are a set of five tiles that were used in the creation of Islamic geometric patterns using strapwork for decoration of buildings in Islamic architecture. They have been used since about the year 1200 and their arrangements found significant improvement starting with the Darb-i Imam shrine in Isfahan in Iran built in 1453.
Some earlier schemes create designs using mixtures of tiles each of a single colour that are either cut to shape or are small and of a few shapes, used to create abstract geometric patterns. Later large painted schemes use tiles painted before firing with a part of the scheme – a technique requiring confidence in the consistent results of firing.
Islamic ornament is the use of decorative forms and patterns in Islamic art and Islamic architecture. Its elements can be broadly divided into the arabesque , using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy , consisting of religious texts with stylized appearance, used both ...
Some Western arabesques derive from Islamic art, however others are closely based on ancient Roman decorations. In the West they are essentially found in the decorative arts , but because of the generally non-figurative nature of Islamic art, arabesque decoration is often a very prominent element in the most significant works, and plays a large ...
Whereas in the eastern Islamic world blues and turquoises were the dominant colours, in western zellij yellows, greens, black, and light brown were very common, with blues and turquoise also appearing in the mix, and they were typically set against a white ground. [5] [34] [35] Example of geometric pattern in the Bou Inania Madrasa of Fez. This ...
Another example of geometric or square Kufic script, showing four instances of the name Muhammad (in black) and four times Ali (in white); often used as a tilework pattern in Islamic architecture Arabic text of the Shahada in square Kufic script, shown as buildings topped with minarets