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  2. Heartburn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn

    Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, [2] is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus .

  3. Indigestion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigestion

    Simplified diagram of how indigestion is diagnosed and treatment(s) determined A diagnosis for indigestion is based on symptoms, with a possible need for more diagnostic tests. In younger patients (less than 60 years of age) without red flags (e.g., weight loss), it is recommended to test for H. pylori noninvasively, followed by treatment with ...

  4. Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux...

    The classic symptoms of GERD were first described in 1925, when Friedenwald and Feldman commented on heartburn and its possible relationship to a hiatal hernia. [14] In 1934 gastroenterologist Asher Winkelstein described reflux and attributed the symptoms to stomach acid.

  5. 8 Most Common Symptoms of Heartburn - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/8-most-common-symptoms...

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  6. Laryngopharyngeal reflux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngopharyngeal_reflux

    Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]

  7. Esophageal disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_disease

    Many people experience a burning sensation in their chest occasionally, caused by stomach acids refluxing into the esophagus, normally called heartburn. Extended exposure to heartburn may erode the lining of the esophagus, leading potentially to Barrett's esophagus which is associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma most commonly found ...

  8. Human digestive system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

    As the esophagus does not have the same protection from acid as the stomach, any failure of this sphincter can lead to heartburn. Diaphragm The diaphragm is an important part of the body's digestive system.

  9. Helicobacter pylori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori

    H. pylori urease enzyme diagram In addition to using chemotaxis to avoid areas of high acidity (low pH), H. pylori also produces large amounts of urease , an enzyme which breaks down the urea present in the stomach to produce ammonia and bicarbonate , which are released into the bacterial cytosol and the surrounding environment, creating a ...