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A perimeter is a closed path that encompasses, surrounds, or outlines either a two dimensional shape or a one-dimensional length. The perimeter of a circle or an ellipse is called its circumference. Calculating the perimeter has several practical applications. A calculated perimeter is the length of fence required to surround a yard or garden.
The area of an annulus is the difference in the areas of the larger circle of radius R and the smaller one of radius r: = = = (+) (). As a corollary of the chord formula, the area bounded by the circumcircle and incircle of every unit convex regular polygon is π /4
The circle is the shape with the largest area for a given length of perimeter (see Isoperimetric inequality). The circle is a highly symmetric shape: every line through the centre forms a line of reflection symmetry, and it has rotational symmetry around the centre for every angle.
A quadric quadrilateral is a convex quadrilateral whose four vertices all lie on the perimeter of a square. [7] A diametric quadrilateral is a cyclic quadrilateral having one of its sides as a diameter of the circumcircle. [8] A Hjelmslev quadrilateral is a quadrilateral with two right angles at opposite vertices. [9]
A common definition used in digital image processing (image analysis) for characterizing 2-D shapes is: Roundness = Perimeter 2 / 4 π × Area . This ratio will be 1 for a circle and greater than 1 for non-circular shapes. Another definition is the inverse of that: Roundness = 4 π × Area / Perimeter 2 ,
The apothem a can be used to find the area of any regular n-sided polygon of side length s according to the following formula, which also states that the area is equal to the apothem multiplied by half the perimeter since ns = p.