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When they entered Alexandria, the Arabs “destroyed its walls and burnt many churches with fire,” including the ancient church by the Sea, founded by and containing the remains of Saint Mark. [7] [8] The Arabs also burned all the convents around the church. [9]
Between 270 and 275 AD, Alexandria saw a Palmyrene invasion and an imperial counterattack that probably destroyed whatever remained of the Library, if it still existed. The daughter library in the Serapeum may have survived after the main Library's destruction.
The Serapeum of the Great Library was destroyed, possibly effecting the final destruction of the Library of Alexandria. [18] [19] The neoplatonist philosopher Hypatia was publicly murdered by a Christian mob. The Brucheum and Jewish quarters were desolate in the 5th century, and the central monuments, the Soma and Museum, fell into ruin.
The destruction of the Serapeum was but the most spectacular of such conflicts, according to Peter Brown. [6] Several other ancient, and modern authors, instead, have interpreted the destruction of the Serapeum in Alexandria as representative of the triumph of Christianity and an example of the attitude of the Christians towards pagans.
During and after the Mexican Reform War, under the liberal governments of Benito Juárez and Ignacio Comonfort, many convent libraries and Church owned school libraries were sacked or destroyed by Liberal troops and looters, most notably included San Francisco Convent Library, which had over 16,000 books (great majority of them were unique ...
Library of Alexandria destroyed by fire. Evidence is scant for all four fires, but the library was eventually destroyed. 48 BC – Library of Alexandria accidentally burned during siege by Julius Caesar. 272 – Library of Alexandria possibly burned during the occupation of Alexandria.
Pharos was a small island located on the western edge of the Nile Delta.In 332 BC, Alexander the Great founded the city of Alexandria on an isthmus opposite Pharos. . Alexandria and Pharos were later connected by a mole [6] spanning more than 1,200 metres (0.75 miles), which was called the Heptastadion ("seven stadia"—a stadion was a Greek unit of length measuring approximate
An aspect of this was a Portuguese hostility to and destruction of writings in the Arwi language, a type of Tamil with many Arabic words, written in a variety of the Arabic script and used by local Muslims. Much of Arwi cultural heritage was thus destroyed, though the precise extent of the destruction might never be known. [citation needed]