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A common form of radiculitis is sciatica – radicular pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve from the lower spine to the lower back, gluteal muscles, back of the upper thigh, calf, and foot as often secondary to nerve root irritation from a spinal disc herniation or from osteophytes in the lumbar region of the spine.
Radiculopathy (from Latin radix 'root'; from Ancient Greek πάθος (pathos) 'suffering'), also commonly referred to as pinched nerve, refers to a set of conditions in which one or more nerves are affected and do not work properly (a neuropathy). Radiculopathy can result in pain (radicular pain), weakness, altered sensation (paresthesia) or ...
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).
[4] [9] Sciatica is most common between the ages of 40 and 59, and men are more frequently affected than women. [2] [3] The condition has been known since ancient times. [3] The first known modern use of the word sciatica dates from 1451, [10] although Dioscorides (1st-century CE) mentions it in his Materia Medica. [11]
The lumbosacral trunk from the L4 and L5 roots descends between the sacral promontory and ala, and the S1 to S3 roots emerge from the ventral sacral foramina. These nerve roots unite to form a single nerve in front of the piriformis muscle. The nerve passes beneath the piriformis and through the greater sciatic foramen, exiting the pelvis.
There is always a noticeable difference in the compound muscle action potential's dispersion, and conduction block is commonly experienced. [ 26 ] An MRI can show proximal nerve or root enlargement and gadolinium enhancement, which indicate active inflammation as well as demyelination in the brachial plexus [ 27 ] or cauda equina .
The inciting cause of neuropathy has important consequences for its mechanistic basis as different tissues and cells are involved. The mechanistic basis of neuropathic pain remains controversial as do the relative contributions of each pathway.
The theory is that the radial nerve becomes irritated and/or inflamed from friction caused by compression by muscles in the forearm. [1]Some speculate that radial tunnel syndrome is a type of repetitive strain injury (RSI), but there is no detectable pathophysiology and even the existence of this disorder is questioned.