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In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around either the barycenter (the combined center of mass) or, if one body is much more massive than the other bodies of the system combined, its speed relative to the center of mass of the most massive body.
The average distance between Saturn and the Sun is over 1.4 billion kilometers (9 AU). With an average orbital speed of 9.68 km/s, [6] it takes Saturn 10,759 Earth days (or about 29 + 1 ⁄ 2 years) [86] to finish one revolution around the Sun. [6] As a consequence, it forms a near 5:2 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter. [87]
[nb 1] Earth's orbital speed averages 29.78 km/s (19 mi/s; 107,208 km/h; 66,616 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours. [3] The point towards which the Earth in its solar orbit is directed at any given instant is known as the "apex of the Earth's way".
The Sun has an equatorial rotation speed of ~2 km/s; its differential rotation implies that the angular velocity decreases with increased latitude. The poles make one rotation every 34.3 days and the equator every 25.05 days, as measured relative to distant stars (sidereal rotation).
This is confirmed by multiplying by the number of sidereal days in one mean solar day, 1.002 737 909 350 795, [35] which yields the equatorial speed in mean solar hours given above of 1,674.4 km/h. The tangential speed of Earth's rotation at a point on Earth can be approximated by multiplying the speed at the equator by the cosine of the ...
The Solar System is traveling at an average speed of 230 km/s (828,000 km/h) or 143 mi/s (514,000 mph) within its trajectory around the Galactic Center, [3] a speed at which an object could circumnavigate the Earth's equator in 2 minutes and 54 seconds; that speed corresponds to approximately 1/1300 of the speed of light.
According to Copernicus: [3] [4] The planetary orbit is a circle with epicycles. The Sun is approximately at the center of the orbit. The speed of the planet in the main orbit is constant. Despite being correct in saying that the planets revolved around the Sun, Copernicus was incorrect in defining their orbits.
In astronomy, the local standard of rest or LSR is a reference frame which follows the mean motion of material in the Milky Way in the neighborhood of the Sun (stars in radius 100 pc from the Sun), [1] on average sharing the same velocity around the Milky Way as the Sun. [2] The path of this material is not precisely circular. [3] The Sun ...