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An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. [1] They may have a large flat base or be attached to the uterus by an elongated pedicle (pedunculated). [2] [3] Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. [4] They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. [3]
The underlying causes may include ovulation problems, fibroids, the lining of the uterus growing into the uterine wall, uterine polyps, underlying bleeding problems, side effects from birth control, or cancer. [3] More than one category of causes may apply in an individual case. [3] The first step in work-up is to rule out a tumor or pregnancy.
After menopause, the lining is often described as being atrophic. In contrast, endometrium that is chronically exposed to estrogens, but not to progesterone, may become hyperplastic . Long-term use of oral contraceptives with highly potent progestins can also induce endometrial atrophy .
The effects of declining estrogen can ... Estrogen thickens the lining of the walls of the vagina, so when levels of the hormone drop, that vaginal tissue thins and becomes dry, leading to pain ...
Hot flashes are among the more common symptoms you could experience during perimenopause and menopause. (Getty Images) (Sean De Burca via Getty Images) Women's bodies go through an immense number ...
Under the influence of estrogen the endometrium (uterine lining) is stimulated and eventually such lining will be shed off (estrogen breakthrough bleeding). The anovulation chapter discusses its multiple possible causes. Longstanding anovulation can also lead to endometrial hyperplasia and facilitate the development of endometrial cancer.
Women who have abnormal bleeding after menopause typically undergo a non-invasive procedure — a transvaginal ultrasound — to look for signs of uterine cancer. But research suggests that test ...
Endometrial biopsy in those with high risk endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia or malignancy. [16] Sonohysterography to assess for abnormalities within the uterine lining [17] Hysteroscopy (anaesthesia should be offered) [16] Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone dosage to rule out hypothyroidism [18]