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Common flash devices such as USB flash drives and memory cards provide only a block-level interface, or flash translation layer (FTL), which writes to a different cell each time to wear-level the device. This prevents incremental writing within a block; however, it does help the device from being prematurely worn out by intensive write patterns.
On a USB flash drive, one end of the device is fitted with a single USB plug; some flash drives additionally offer a micro USB plug, facilitating data transfers between different devices. Inside the casing is a small printed circuit board, which has some power circuitry and a small number of surface-mounted integrated circuits (ICs).
An assortment of flash drives Transcend JetFlash from 2014. A flash drive is a portable computer drive that uses flash memory. Flash drives are the larger memory modules consisting of a number of flash chips. A flash chip is used to read the contents of a single cell, but it can write entire block of cells.
Such storage devices may refer to removable media (e.g. punched paper, magnetic tape, floppy disk and optical disc), compact flash drives (USB flash drive and memory card), portable storage devices (external solid-state drive and enclosured hard disk drive), or network-attached storage.
Examples of removable media that are standalone plug-and-play devices that carry their own reader hardwares include: USB flash drives [5] Portable storage devices. Dedicated external solid-state drives (SSD) Enclosured mass storage drives, i.e. modified hard disk drives (HDD)/internal SSDs; Peripheral devices that have integrated data storage ...
The absence of moving parts in USB flash devices allows true random access, thereby avoiding the rotational latency and seek time (see also mechanical latency) of hard drives or optical media, meaning small programs will start faster from a USB flash drive than from a local hard disk or live CD. However, as USB devices typically achieve lower ...
In practice, flash file systems are used only for Memory Technology Devices (MTDs), which are embedded flash memories that do not have a controller. Removable flash memory cards and USB flash drives have built-in controllers to manage MTD with dedicated algorithms, [2] [3] like wear leveling, bad block recovery, power loss recovery, garbage ...
A direct-access storage device (DASD) (pronounced / ˈ d æ z d iː /) is a secondary storage device in which "each physical record has a discrete location and a unique address". The term was coined by IBM to describe devices that allowed random access to data, the main examples being drum memory and hard disk drives. [1]