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Negative inotropic agents decrease myocardial contractility and are used to decrease cardiac workload in conditions such as angina. While negative inotropism may precipitate or exacerbate heart failure in the short term, certain beta blockers (e.g. carvedilol , bisoprolol and metoprolol ) have been believed to reduce long-term morbidity and ...
Cardiotonic agents, also known as cardiac inotropes or stimulants, have a positive impact on the myocardium (muscular layer of the heart) by enhancing its contractility. . Unlike general inotropes, these agents exhibit a higher level of specificity as they selectively target the myocar
Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, ... Positive or negative inotropic factors via sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation respectively, ...
Medications used include: diuretic agents, vasodilator agents, positive inotropes, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, and aldosterone antagonists (e.g., spironolactone). Some medications which increase heart function, such as the positive inotrope milrinone, lead to increased death, and are contraindicated. [9] [10]
A "heterocycle-phenyl-imidazole" (H-P-I) pattern has been considered to be necessary for positive inotropic activity in cardiac muscle and many second generation inhibitors fit this pattern. [6] The heterocycle region: Within each heterocycle there is the presence of a dipole and an adjacent acid proton (an amide function).
Both inotropic and lusitropic effects justify the use of amrinone to treat heart failure. Amrinone decreases the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure while increasing cardiac output, as it functions as an arterial vasodilator and increases venous capacitance while decreasing venous return. [5]
A cardiac stimulant is a drug which acts as a stimulant of the heart – e.g., via positive chronotropic action (increased heart rate) and/or inotropic action (increased myocardial contractility). They increase cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart over time).
Dobutamine can be used in cases of congestive heart failure to increase cardiac output. It is indicated when parenteral therapy is necessary for inotropic support in the short-term treatment of patients with cardiac decompensation due to depressed contractility, which could be the result of either organic heart disease or cardiac surgical ...