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Plot of the ReLU (blue) and GELU (green) functions near x = 0. In the context of artificial neural networks, the rectifier or ReLU (rectified linear unit) activation function [1] [2] is an activation function defined as the non-negative part of its argument, i.e., the ramp function:
The swish paper was then updated to propose the activation with the learnable parameter β. In 2017, after performing analysis on ImageNet data, researchers from Google indicated that using this function as an activation function in artificial neural networks improves the performance, compared to ReLU and sigmoid functions. [1]
PyTorch 2.0 was released on 15 March 2023, introducing TorchDynamo, ... ReLU (), # ReLU is one of many activation functions provided by nn nn. Linear (512, 512), nn.
Modern activation functions include the logistic function used in the 2012 speech recognition model developed by Hinton et al; [2] the ReLU used in the 2012 AlexNet computer vision model [3] [4] and in the 2015 ResNet model; and the smooth version of the ReLU, the GELU, which was used in the 2018 BERT model. [5]
CNN = convolutional layer (with ReLU activation) RN = local response normalization; MP = maxpooling; FC = fully connected layer (with ReLU activation) Linear = fully connected layer (without activation) DO = dropout; It used the non-saturating ReLU activation function, which trained better than tanh and sigmoid. [1]
This is an existence result. It says that activation functions providing universal approximation property for bounded depth bounded width networks exist. Using certain algorithmic and computer programming techniques, Guliyev and Ismailov efficiently constructed such activation functions depending on a numerical parameter.
Radial basis function (RBF) networks typically have three layers: an input layer, a hidden layer with a non-linear RBF activation function and a linear output layer. The input can be modeled as a vector of real numbers x ∈ R n {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} \in \mathbb {R} ^{n}} .
where is the matrix of node representations , is the matrix of node features , () is an activation function (e.g., ReLU), ~ is the graph adjacency matrix with the addition of self-loops, ~ is the graph degree matrix with the addition of self-loops, and is a matrix of trainable parameters.