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The World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2024 ranked Saudi Arabia as number 126 out of 146 countries, exceeding countries such as Turkey and Lebanon. [21] However, in the World Bank's 2021 Women, Business, and the Law index, Saudi Arabia scored 80 out of 100, an above-average global score.
Other Muslim-majority states with notably more women university students than men include Kuwait, where 41% of females attend university compared with 18% of males; [150] Bahrain, where the ratio of women to men in tertiary education is 2.18:1; [150] Brunei Darussalam, where 33% of women enroll at university vis à vis 18% of men; [150] Tunisia ...
The issue of women's rights is also the subject of fierce debate. [1] When the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948, Saudi Arabia refused to sign it as they were of the view that sharia law had already set out the rights of men and women, [1] and that to sign the UDHR would be unnecessary. [2]
Since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the country’s legal system has imposed a conservative interpretation of Islamic law, or "Sharia," which directly affects women’s rights in several areas. The World Economic Forum 's 2017 Global Gender Gap Report ranked Iran 140, out of 144 countries, for gender parity.
All women who have run as candidates for president have been rejected with no reason given. [33] Critics have argued that the restriction of women's rights under Islamic law has led to the segregation of public and private spaces, which they must then attempt to resolve through politics and by creating their own spaces. [34]
Human rights groups are calling for the release of a Saudi woman, who they say has been sentenced to 11 years in prison for supporting women’s rights and for the way she dressed.
One notable example for amendment is personal status law, in Syria still Sharia-based, [17] [18] where Rojava introduced civil law and proclaims absolute equality of women under the law and a ban on forced marriage as well as polygamy was introduced, [81] while underage marriage was outlawed as well. [82]
The status of women's testimony in Islam is disputed. Muslim societies' attitudes range from completely rejecting female testimony in certain legal areas, to conditionally accepting (half-worth that of a male, or with a requirement for supporting male testimony), to completely accepting it without any gender bias.