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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). [3] While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. [3] In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. [1] This occurs about 5 to 15 days after ...
Certain parasitic or protozoal infestations, such as toxoplasmosis and malaria can also cause encephalitis in people with compromised immune systems. The rare but typically deadly forms of encephalitis, primary amoebic meningoencephalitis and Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, are caused by free-living amoeba. [19]
California encephalitis: California encephalitis virus: small mammals mosquito bite (Aedes species) First discovered in 1943 in Kern County, California. Campylobacteriosis: Campylobacter spp. poultry, cattle, pets (dogs and cats) consumption of contaminated food or water, direct contact with infected animals Capillariasis: Capillaria spp.
For some forms of viral encephalitis, such as Eastern equine encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis, there may be a significant amount of necrosis of nerve cells. Following encephalitis caused by arboviruses, calcification may occur in the CNS, especially among children. Herpes simplex encephalitis tends to produce necrotic lesions in the CNS.
Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and Western equine encephalitis (WEE) occur in the United States where they cause disease in humans, horses, and some bird species. Because of the high mortality rate, EEE and WEE are regarded as two of the most serious mosquito-borne diseases in the United States.
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Usutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus belonging to the Japanese encephalitis complex, which is an emerging zoonotic arbovirus of concern because of its pathogenicity to humans and its similarity in ecology with other emerging arboviruses such as West Nile virus. [1] It mainly infects Culex mosquitoes and birds; humans form a dead-end host.
Viral encephalitis, which can cause high fever and in many cases affect the brain, is common in several parts of India during the monsoon season, but many of the deaths in Gujarat were caused by ...