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Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Varicellovirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.
It is very common and contagious; about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 has Herpes simplex virus 1. [5] It is often acquired orally during childhood. It may also be sexually transmitted, including contact with saliva, such as kissing and mouth-to-genital contact ( oral sex ). [ 6 ]
[1] [2] Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are very common and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person begins shedding the virus. As of 2016, about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 had HSV-1. [3] In the United States, about 47.8% and 11.9% are estimated to have HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, though actual prevalence may be much ...
(1) nucleoprotein, (2) DNA, (3) capsid, (4) tegument, (5) envelope, (6) glycoprotein. Click to enlarge. Electron micrograph of various viruses from the Orthoherpesviridae family including Human alphaherpesvirus 3 ( Chickenpox ), Human alphaherpesvirus 1 , and Human alphaherpesvirus 2
It is estimated to affect at least 1 in 500,000 individuals per year, [1] and some studies suggest an incidence rate of 5.9 cases per 100,000 live births. [ 2 ] About 90% of cases of herpes encephalitis are caused by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the same virus that causes cold sores .
[11] [13] These "targets" should generally be as unlike any proteins or parts of proteins in humans as possible, to reduce the likelihood of side effects and toxicity. [8] The targets should also be common across many strains of a virus, or even among different species of virus in the same family, so a single drug will have broad effectiveness.
However, tumour cells have much weaker PKR-linked defences, which may be the reason why HSV1716 effectively kills a wide range of tumour cell lines in tissue culture. An HSV1716 variant, HSV1716NTR is an oncolytic virus generated by inserting the enzyme NTR into the virus HSV1716 as a GDEPT strategy. [ 4 ]
Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. [1] At extremely low doses, biological responses are absent for some of the drugs. The increase in dose above threshold dose induces an increase in the percentage of biological responses. [ 2 ]