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Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Varicellovirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.
It is very common and contagious; about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 has Herpes simplex virus 1. [5] It is often acquired orally during childhood. It may also be sexually transmitted, including contact with saliva, such as kissing and mouth-to-genital contact ( oral sex ). [ 6 ]
[1] [2] Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are very common and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person begins shedding the virus. As of 2016, about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 had HSV-1. [3] In the United States, about 47.8% and 11.9% are estimated to have HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively, though actual prevalence may be much ...
(1) nucleoprotein, (2) DNA, (3) capsid, (4) tegument, (5) envelope, (6) glycoprotein. Click to enlarge. Electron micrograph of various viruses from the Orthoherpesviridae family including Human alphaherpesvirus 3 ( Chickenpox ), Human alphaherpesvirus 1 , and Human alphaherpesvirus 2
Schematic drawing of a Herpesviridae virion. All members of the Herpesviridae share a common structure; a relatively large, monopartite, double-stranded, linear DNA genome encoding 100–200 genes encased within an icosahedral protein cage (with T=16 symmetry) called the capsid, which is itself wrapped in a protein layer called the tegument containing both viral proteins and viral mRNAs and a ...
The total genome length ranges between 11,000 and 12,000 nucleotides, and has a 5’ cap and a 3’ poly-A tail. The four non-structural protein genes are encoded in the 5′ two-thirds of the genome, while the three structural proteins are translated from a subgenomic mRNA colinear with the 3′ one-third of the genome.
[11] [13] These "targets" should generally be as unlike any proteins or parts of proteins in humans as possible, to reduce the likelihood of side effects and toxicity. [8] The targets should also be common across many strains of a virus, or even among different species of virus in the same family, so a single drug will have broad effectiveness.
As of 2020, there have been 50 documented cases of human B virus infection since the identification of the virus in 1932, 21 of which led to death. [29] At least 20 of the patients developed some degree of encephalitis. [30] [31] B virus is the only identified old-world-monkey herpesvirus that displays severe pathogenicity in humans. [citation ...