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An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. [1] [2] IP addresses serve two main functions: network interface identification, and location addressing.
IP addresses in dot-decimal notation are also presented in CIDR notation, in which the IP address is suffixed with a slash and a number, used to specify the length of the associated routing prefix. For example, 127.0.0.1/8 specifies that the IP address has an eight-bit routing prefix, and therefore the subnet mask 255.0.0.0.
The IP address of the destination is used to make decisions about routing IP packets to other networks. IPv6 is the successor to the first addressing infrastructure of the Internet, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). In contrast to IPv4, which defined an IP address as a 32-bit value, IPv6 addresses have a size of 128 bits.
There are standards for these sorts of things, of course, and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) sets them. There are two primary types of IP addresses in use today: IP version 4 (IPv4 ...
The original list of IPv4 address blocks was published in September 1981. [3] In previous versions of the document, [19] [20] network numbers were 8-bit numbers rather than the 32-bit numbers used in IPv4. At that time, three networks were added that were not listed earlier: 42.rrr.rrr.rrr, 43.rrr.rrr.rrr, and 44.rrr.rrr.rrr.
Examples of address families include 32-bit IPv4 addresses, 128-bit IPv6 addresses, X.121 addresses used by the X.25 protocol suite, E.164 telephone numbers, and F.69 Telex addresses. [1] Address family identifiers are used in communications protocols and APIs that support multiple network address schemes, including routing protocols such as ...
The address may denote a specific interface address (including a host identifier, such as 10.0.0.1 / 8), or it may be the beginning address of an entire network (using a host identifier of 0, as in 10.0.0.0 / 8 or its equivalent 10 / 8). CIDR notation can even be used with no IP address at all, e.g. when referring to a / 24 as a generic ...
As a nibble typically is notated in hexadecimal format, a hextet consists of 4 hexadecimal digits. A hextet is the unofficial name for each of the 8 blocks in an IPv6 address . A hextet is also referred to as a segment , in some documentation.