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' kneading ') is a Japanese pottery term describing the artistic technique where multiple colors of clay are marbled or combined to create various designs. [1] The technique can also be called neriage (練上げ), [2] although this more commonly refers to throwing multiple colors of clay on a wheel. [3]
Classic potter's kick-wheel in Erfurt, Germany An electric potter's wheel, with bat (green disk) and throwing bucket. Not shown is a foot pedal used to control the speed of the wheel, similar to a sewing machine. In pottery, a potter's wheel is a machine used in the shaping (known as throwing) of clay into round ceramic ware.
The pottery fabric is tempered with shell powder or reduced shell. Shelly ware was typically handmade until the tenth century, when potters transitioned to wheel-thrown pottery. Shelly wares were manufactured and distributed in the Upper Thames Valley , southeastern coastal areas of Britain and the East Midlands .
Black Burnished Ware Category 2 (BB2) is greyer in color and has a finer texture when compared with BB1. [4] It is a “hard, sandy fabric, varying in colour from dark-grey or black with a brown or reddish brown core and a reddish-brown, blue-grey, black or lighter ('pearly grey') surface.” [5] The clay body can contain black iron ore, mica, and quartz, all in a matrix of sediment. [5]
Pottery techniques include the potter's wheel, slip casting and many others. Methods for forming powders of ceramic raw materials into complex shapes are desirable in many areas of technology. For example, such methods are required for producing advanced, high-temperature structural parts such as heat engine components, recuperators and the ...
Vessels are generally wheel-thrown, and show cordons (strips of clay added around the pot), 'corrugation', and zones of combed or 'furrowed' decoration. Shapes may be angular or rounded, often with pedestal or foot-ring bases. The use of grog temper was extensive, though not universal.