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Advance directives were created in response to the increasing sophistication and prevalence of medical technology. [3] [4] Numerous studies have documented critical deficits in the medical care of the dying; it has been found to be unnecessarily prolonged, [5] painful, [6] expensive, [7] [8] and emotionally burdensome to both patients and their families.
An advance care directive is a document detailing an individual's health care preferences. This may include personal values and life goals, describe circumstances the person would find unacceptable, identify preferences relating to specific medical interventions, or a combination of these.
An advance directive is a legal document that allows individuals to share their wishes with their health care team during a future medical emergency. [4] The document does so by designating a guardian that the user wants their medical team to work with (also known as a “surrogate”).
Wishes 3, 4, and 5 are unique to Five Wishes, in that they address matters of comfort care, spirituality, forgiveness, and final wishes. Wish 1: "The Person I Want to Make Care Decisions for Me When I Can't" – This section is an assignment of a health care agent (also called proxy, surrogate, representative, or health care power of attorney ...
The right to facilitate their own health care decisions; The right to accept or refuse medical treatment; The right to make an advance health care directive; Facilities must inquire as to whether the patient already has an advance health care directive, and make note of this in their medical records.
A less restrictive alternative to legal incapacity is the use of "advance directives," powers of attorney, trusts, living wills and healthcare directives. The person who has such documents in place should have prepared them with their attorney when that person had capacity.
The advance directive should be updated regularly as the patient's condition changes so as to reflect the patient's wishes. [ 58 ] [ 20 ] Some of the decisions that advance directives may address include receiving fluids and nutrition support, getting blood transfusions, receiving antibiotics, resuscitation (if the heart stops beating), and ...
A suggested way to maintain autonomy is for the person to write an advance directive, outlining how they wish to be treated in the event of their inability to make an informed choice, thus avoiding unwarranted paternalism. Another theme is confidentiality and this is an important principle in many nursing ethical codes.