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Spironolactone can cause hyperkalemia, or high blood potassium levels. [111] Rarely, this can be fatal. [111] Of people with heart disease prescribed typical dosages of spironolactone, 10 to 15% develop some degree of hyperkalemia, and 6% develop severe hyperkalemia. [111] At a higher dosage, a rate of hyperkalemia of 24% has been observed. [119]
Treatment includes removing the causative agent (such as licorice), a high-potassium, low-sodium diet (for primary) and high-sodium diet (for secondary), spironolactone and eplerenone, potassium-sparing diuretics that act as aldosterone antagonists, and surgery, depending on the cause. [11] For adrenal adenoma, sometimes surgery is performed.
Primary hyperaldosteronism has a number of causes. About 33% of cases are due to an adrenal adenoma that produces aldosterone, and 66% of cases are due to an enlargement of both adrenal glands. [1] Other uncommon causes include adrenal cancer and an inherited disorder called familial hyperaldosteronism. [6]
However, many are associated with an infamous side effect: weight gain. Luckily, some antidepressants are less likely to cause weight gain than others. In fact, there are even some antidepressants ...
“There are many medications that may cause weight gain,” says W. Scott Butsch, M.D., director of obesity medicine in the Bariatric and Metabolic Institute at the Cleveland Clinic.
Prozac was not associated with a six-month weight change, while Wellbutrin users were 15% less likely to experience a 5% weight gain. Wellbutrin continued to be associated with the least weight ...
Signs of Cushing's syndrome include muscle weakness, easy bruising, weight gain, male-pattern hair growth , coloured stretch marks, and an excessively reddish complexion in the face. [38] Cushing's syndrome can cause androgen excess and hence the signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism. [33]
Spironolactone has been identified as an inhibitor of NRG1‐ERBB4 signaling. [142] Spironolactone has been found to act as a potent inhibitor of the pannexin 1 channel, and this action appears to be involved in its antihypertensive effects independently of MR antagonism. [143] Spironolactone has been found to block hERG channels. [144]