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Musical symbols are marks and symbols in musical notation that indicate various aspects of how a piece of music is to be performed. There are symbols to communicate information about many musical elements, including pitch, duration, dynamics, or articulation of musical notes; tempo, metre, form (e.g., whether sections are repeated), and details about specific playing techniques (e.g., which ...
Switching {X,Y} in a graph. A two-graph is equivalent to a switching class of graphs and also to a (signed) switching class of signed complete graphs.. Switching a set of vertices in a (simple) graph means reversing the adjacencies of each pair of vertices, one in the set and the other not in the set: thus the edge set is changed so that an adjacent pair becomes nonadjacent and a nonadjacent ...
Among the generalized Petersen graphs are the n-prism G(n, 1), the Dürer graph G(6, 2), the Möbius-Kantor graph G(8, 3), the dodecahedron G(10, 2), the Desargues graph G(10, 3) and the Nauru graph G(12, 5). Four generalized Petersen graphs – the 3-prism, the 5-prism, the Dürer graph, and G(7, 2) – are among the seven graphs that are ...
In general, a subdivision of a graph G (sometimes known as an expansion [2]) is a graph resulting from the subdivision of edges in G. The subdivision of some edge e with endpoints {u,v } yields a graph containing one new vertex w, and with an edge set replacing e by two new edges, {u,w } and {w,v }. For directed edges, this operation shall ...
One, known as the Forte number, derives from Allen Forte, whose The Structure of Atonal Music (1973), is one of the first works in musical set theory. Forte provided each set class with a number of the form c – d , where c indicates the cardinality of the set and d is the ordinal number. [ 18 ]
A plot is a graphical technique for representing a data set, usually as a graph showing the relationship between two or more variables. The plot can be drawn by hand or by a computer. In the past, sometimes mechanical or electronic plotters were used. Graphs are a visual representation of the relationship between variables, which are very ...
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
The complement graph ¯ of a simple graph G is another graph on the same vertex set as G, with an edge for each two vertices that are not adjacent in G. complete 1. A complete graph is one in which every two vertices are adjacent: all edges that could exist are present. A complete graph with n vertices is often denoted K n.