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ECMAScript (/ ˈ ɛ k m ə s k r ɪ p t /; ES) [1] is a standard for scripting languages, including JavaScript, JScript, and ActionScript. It is best known as a JavaScript standard intended to ensure the interoperability of web pages across different web browsers . [ 2 ]
The proposed fourth edition of ECMA-262 (ECMAScript 4 or ES4) would have been the first major update to ECMAScript since the third edition was published in 1999. The specification (along with a reference implementation) was originally targeted for completion by October 2008. [ 15 ]
An ECMAScript engine is a software platform that can run code written in ECMAScript, a programming language more commonly known as JavaScript. More formally, an ECMAScript engine is, at least in part, a "conforming implementation" of the ECMAScript programming language specified by the ECMA-262 international standard.
Since ECMAScript is the standardized specification of JavaScript, ECMAScript engine is another name for these implementations. With the advent of WebAssembly , some engines can also execute this code in the same sandbox as regular JavaScript code.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 February 2025. High-level programming language Not to be confused with Java (programming language), Javanese script, or ECMAScript. JavaScript Screenshot of JavaScript source code Paradigm Multi-paradigm: event-driven, functional, imperative, procedural, object-oriented Designed by Brendan Eich of ...
Google has handed the tests from Sputnik test suite to Ecma International for inclusion in its ECMAScript 262 test suite. Some Sputnik tests however have been found to have issues and do not conform to ECMAScript 5th edition specification. [3]
ECMAScript for XML (E4X) was an extension to ECMAScript (which includes ActionScript, JavaScript, and JScript) to add native support for XML. [1] The goal was to provide a simpler alternative to the DOM interface for accessing XML documents.
JavaScript's nearest operator is ??, the "nullish coalescing operator", which was added to the standard in ECMAScript's 11th edition. [14] In earlier versions, it could be used via a Babel plugin, and in TypeScript .