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The saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is a reference electrode based on the reaction between elemental mercury and mercury(I) chloride. It has been widely replaced by the silver chloride electrode , however the calomel electrode has a reputation of being more robust.
Common reference electrodes and potential with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE): Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) (E = 0.000 V) activity of H + = 1 Molar; Normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) (E ≈ 0.000 V) concentration H + = 1 Molar; Reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) (E = 0.000 V - 0.0591 × pH) at 25 °C; Saturated calomel ...
A reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is a reference electrode, more specifically a subtype of the standard hydrogen electrodes, for electrochemical processes. Unlike the standard hydrogen electrode, its measured potential does change with the pH, so it can be directly used in the electrolyte. [1] [2] [3]
Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine are cheapest by volume at atmospheric pressure. When there is no public data on the element in its pure form, price of a compound is used, per mass of element contained. This implicitly puts the value of compounds' other constituents, and the cost of extraction of the element, at zero.
The silver chloride electrode is most commonly used as a reference electrode in pH meters, although some designs use the saturated calomel electrode. The silver chloride electrode is simple to manufacture and provides high reproducibility. The reference electrode usually consists of a platinum wire that has contact with a silver/silver chloride ...
Commercial reference electrodes consist of a glass or plastic tube electrode body. The electrode consists of a metallic silver wire (Ag (s)) coated with a thin layer of silver chloride (AgCl), either physically by dipping the wire in molten silver chloride, chemically by electroplating the wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) [3] or electrochemically by oxidising the silver at an anode ...
The name calomel is thought to come from the Greek καλός "beautiful", and μέλας "black"; or καλός and μέλι "honey" from its sweet taste. [4] The "black" name (somewhat surprising for a white compound) is probably due to its characteristic disproportionation reaction with ammonia, which gives a spectacular black coloration due to the finely dispersed metallic mercury formed.
The most common types of reference electrodes used in analytical chemistry include the standard hydrogen electrode, the saturated calomel electrode, and the Ag/AgCl electrode. [3] The standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) is the primary reference electrode that has a potential of 0 volts at all temperatures and a pressure of 1 atm. The figure on ...