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Mastitis, a potentially fatal mammary gland infection, is the most common disease in dairy cattle in the United States and worldwide. It is also the most costly disease to the dairy industry . [ 1 ] Milk from cows suffering from mastitis has an increased somatic cell count .
Brazil is the world's largest exporter of beef. The government regulates antibiotic use in the cattle production industry. [99] The beef cattle industry in Brazil is based on grass-fed animals in which the Nellore breed predominates. The volume of antimicrobials used is not officially published in Brazil.
In cattle, it is used to treat: Respiratory tract infections such as bovine pneumonia pasteurellosis (shipping fever) [1] Alimentary tract infections such as salmonellosis and both enteric and septicaemic colibacillosis [1] Other infections such as pododermatitis (foot rot) and septicaemias [1] In swine, it is used to treat:
Typical milk fever posture; cow in sternal recumbency with its head tucked into its flank. Milk fever, postparturient hypocalcemia, or parturient paresis is a disease, primarily in dairy cattle [1] but also seen in beef cattle and non-bovine domesticated animals, [2] characterized by reduced blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia).
The total loss in the United States is estimated to be $108 million. US losses due to mastitis, lack of the weight gain and diminished carcass value are valued at $32 million. [12] It is very expensive for the government and the farmers to control Mycoplasma bovis. [13] Also, it affects the production of milk and the cost for treatment is high.
Mastitis has cost American dairy industries an estimated $1.5 to 2 billion per year in treating dairy cows. [33] In 1994, an EU scientific commission was asked to report on the incidence of mastitis and other disorders in dairy cows and on other aspects of their welfare. [16]