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Dementia with Lewy bodies; Other names: Diffuse Lewy body disease, dementia due to Lewy body disease: Microscopic image of a Lewy body (adjacent to arrowhead) in a neuron of the substantia nigra; scale bar=20 microns (0.02 mm)
[12] [13] The Lewy body dementias—dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD)—are distinguished by the timing when cognitive and motor symptoms appear. [14] The two Lewy body dementias are often considered to belong on a spectrum of Lewy body disease that includes Parkinson's disease. [2] [5]
Lewy neurites are abnormal neurites in diseased neurons, containing granular material and abnormal α-synuclein filaments similar to those found in Lewy bodies. [20] Like Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites are a feature of α-synucleinopathies such as dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, and multiple system atrophy. [21]
The DNA repair function of alpha-synuclein appears to be compromised in Lewy body inclusion bearing neurons, and this may trigger cell death. Study of synucleinopathy mouse models of Parkinson's disease indicates that alpha-synuclein pathogenesis is associated with increased DNA damage and activation of the DNA damage response.
Lewy body dementia; Lissencephaly; Locked-in syndrome; Lou Gehrig's disease – see Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Lumbar disc disease; Lumbar hernia; Lumbar spinal stenosis; Lupus erythematosus – neurological sequelae; Lyme disease
DLB is diagnosed when cognitive symptoms begin before or at the same time as parkinsonism. Parkinson's disease dementia is the diagnosis when Parkinson's disease is well established before the dementia occurs; that is, the onset of dementia is more than a year after the onset of parkinsonian symptoms. [9]
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