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Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a finding seen on chest x-ray (radiograph) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lungs. It is typically defined as an area of hazy opacification (x-ray) or increased attenuation (CT) due to air displacement by fluid, airway collapse, fibrosis , or a neoplastic process . [ 1 ]
TAPVC with obstruction will clinically present with cyanosis, tachypnea, dyspnea, and hypoxemia. Chest x-ray may show a ground-glass appearance due to pulmonary edema resulting from increased pressure in the obstructed pulmonary veins.
Bat wing appearance is a radiologic sign referring to bilateral perihilar lung shadowing seen in frontal chest X-ray and in chest CT. [1] [2] The most common reason for bat wing appearance is the accumulation of oedema fluid in the lungs. [3] The batwing sign is symmetrical, usually showing ground glass appearance and spares the lung cortices. [4]
Contrast agents are sometimes used in CT scans of the chest to accentuate or enhance the differences in radiopacity between vascularized and less vascularized structures, but a standard chest CT scan is usually non-contrasted (i.e. "plain") and relies on different algorithms to produce various series of digitalized images known as view or "window".
The cannonball sign is a radiological term used to describe the presence of multiple, well-circumscribed, round opacities seen on X-ray or CT imaging, typically in the lungs. [1] This finding is most commonly associated with hematogenous metastases, where malignant cells spread to the lungs via the bloodstream, forming discrete nodules that ...
Low-dose high-resolution (1.25 mm) chest CT. HRCT is performed using a conventional CT scanner. However, imaging parameters are chosen so as to maximize spatial resolution: [1] a narrow slice width is used (usually 1–2 mm), a high spatial resolution image reconstruction algorithm is used, field of view is minimized, so as to minimize the size of each pixel, and other scan factors (e.g. focal ...
One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays [3] and around 1% of CT scans. [ 4 ] The nodule most commonly represents a benign tumor such as a granuloma or hamartoma , but in around 20% of cases it represents a malignant cancer , [ 4 ] especially in older adults and smokers .
Contrast CT, or contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), is X-ray computed tomography (CT) using radiocontrast. Radiocontrasts for X-ray CT are generally iodine-based types . [ 1 ] This is useful to highlight structures such as blood vessels that otherwise would be difficult to delineate from their surroundings.