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Swarm behaviour, or swarming, is a collective behaviour exhibited by entities, particularly animals, of similar size which aggregate together, perhaps milling about the same spot or perhaps moving en masse or migrating in some direction. It is a highly interdisciplinary topic.
Species name Family Region Vernacular name Status Aethopyga duyvenbodei: Nectariniidae: Sangihe island: Elegant sunbird: EN Gracula robusta: Sturnidae: North Sumatra
There are parallels with the shoaling behaviour of fish, the swarming behaviour of insects, and herd behaviour of land animals. During the winter months, starlings are known for aggregating into huge flocks of hundreds to thousands of individuals, murmurations, which when they take flight altogether, render large displays of intriguing swirling patterns in the skies above observers.
Since fields of many fish will overlap, schooling should obscure this gradient, perhaps mimicking pressure waves of a larger animal, and more likely confuse the lateral line perception. [34] The LLO is essential in the final stages of a predator attack. [37] Electro-receptive animals may localize a field source by using spatial non-uniformities.
The transformation of the locust to the swarming form is induced by several contacts per minute over a four-hour period. [11] A large swarm can consist of billions of locusts spread out over an area of thousands of square kilometres, with a population of up to 80 million per square kilometre (200 million per square mile). [12]
Swarming is a honey bee colony's natural means of reproduction.In the process of swarming, a single colony splits into two or more distinct colonies. [1]Swarming is mainly a spring phenomenon, usually within a two- or three-week period depending on the locale, but occasional swarms can happen throughout the producing season.
In line with recent work in swarm intelligence research involving optimization algorithms inspired by the behavior of social insects (including bees, ants and termites), and vertebrates such as fish and birds, there has recently been research on using bee waggle dance behavior for efficient fault-tolerant routing. [34]
Collective motion is defined as the spontaneous emergence of ordered movement in a system consisting of many self-propelled agents.It can be observed in everyday life, for example in flocks of birds, schools of fish, herds of animals and also in crowds and car traffic.