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WEP was included as the privacy component of the original IEEE 802.11 [8] standard ratified in 1997. [9] [10] WEP uses the stream cipher RC4 for confidentiality, [11] and the CRC-32 checksum for integrity. [12] It was deprecated in 2004 and is documented in the current standard. [13] Basic WEP encryption: RC4 keystream XORed with plaintext
WPA (sometimes referred to as the TKIP standard) became available in 2003. The Wi-Fi Alliance intended it as an intermediate measure in anticipation of the availability of the more secure and complex WPA2, which became available in 2004 and is a common shorthand for the full IEEE 802.11i (or IEEE 802.11i-2004) standard.
The actual messages exchanged during the handshake are depicted in the figure and explained below (all messages are sent as EAPOL-Key frames): The AP sends a nonce-value (ANonce) to the STA together with a Key Replay Counter, which is a number that is used to match each pair of messages sent, and discard replayed messages. The STA now has all ...
Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. ( February 2018 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) CCMP uses CCM that combines CTR mode for data confidentiality and cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) for authentication and integrity.
WEP may stand for: Abbreviation of weapon; War emergency power, an engine mode for military aircraft; Weak equivalence principle, in relativity theory;
Important features of LEAP are dynamic WEP keys and mutual authentication (between a wireless client and a RADIUS server). LEAP allows for clients to re-authenticate frequently; upon each successful authentication, the clients acquire a new WEP key (with the hope that the WEP keys don't live long enough to be cracked).
The idiosyncratic WML language cut users off from the conventional HTML Web, leaving only native WAP content and Web-to-WAP proxi-content available to WAP users. Many wireless carriers sold their WAP services as "open", in that they allowed users to reach any service expressed in WML and published on the Internet.
The first web accessibility guideline was compiled by Gregg Vanderheiden and released in January 1995, just after the 1994 Second International Conference on the World-Wide Web (WWW II) in Chicago (where Tim Berners-Lee first mentioned disability access in a keynote speech after seeing a pre-conference workshop on accessibility led by Mike Paciello).