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Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.
1965 – Discovery of lymphocyte mitogenic activity, "blastogenic factor" (Shinpei Kamakura) and (Louis Lowenstein) and (L.D. MacLean) 1965 – Discovery of "immune interferon" (gamma interferon) (E.F. Wheelock) 1965 – Secretory immunoglobulins; 1967 – Identification of IgE as the reaginic antibody (Kimishige Ishizaka)
John McCafferty is a British scientist, one of the founders of Cambridge Antibody Technology alongside Sir Gregory Winter and David Chiswell. He is well known as one of the inventors of scFv antibody fragment phage display, [1] a technology that revolutionised the monoclonal antibody drug discovery.
Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target. By binding their specific antigens, antibodies can cause agglutination and precipitation of antibody-antigen products, prime for phagocytosis by macrophages and other cells, block viral receptors, and stimulate other immune responses, such as the complement pathway.
There are several processes by which antibodies can reduce function: Acute rejection - Antibodies could attract lymphocytes and cause them to lyse cells via the immune system's classical complement pathway; Antibodies could bind to and alter function (e.g., flow of a fluid, or prevention of binding of ligands to receptors)
Niels Kaj Jerne, FRS [1] (23 December 1911 – 7 October 1994) was a Danish immunologist.He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies".
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