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Kevlar (para-aramid) [2] is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora.Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, [3] [2] [4] the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires.
Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, UHMW) is a subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene.Also known as high-modulus polyethylene (HMPE), it has extremely long chains, with a molecular mass usually between 3.5 and 7.5 million amu. [1]
The Enhanced Combat Helmet (ECH) is a made of high-strength polyethylene with superior ballistic protection compared to previous Kevlar helmets. The ECH is being issued only to deployed units and will be turned in upon return and given to other combat units. Previous helmets like the LWH are being retained for training and noncombat use.
The IBA system consists of an Outer Tactical Vest (OTV) and two Small Arms Protective Insert (SAPI) ballistic plates. The OTV features a carrier shell, and three main (flexible) ballistic panel inserts (front left and front right panels, and a rear back panel), [4] which are made with a finely woven Kevlar KM2 fiber.
Kevlar KM2 is a synthetic para-aramid fiber produced by DuPont. The fiber is an evolution of the original Kevlar fiber. The following quotes summarize Kevlar KM2's ...
Kevlar Fabric Standard Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Fabric High Modulus Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Fabric E-Glass Unidirectional Fiber Glass Fabric Kevlar Unidirectional Fabric Steel S97 Young's Modulus 0° E1 GPa 70 85 25 30 135 175 40 75 207 Young's Modulus 90° E2 GPa 70 85 25 30 10 8 8 6 207 In-plane Shear Modulus G12 GPa 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 2 80
Molecular structure of Kevlar Molecular structure of the LCP Vectran [5]. Liquid crystallinity in polymers may occur either by dissolving a polymer in a solvent (lyotropic liquid-crystal polymers) or by heating a polymer above its glass or melting transition point (thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers). [6]
M5 has a tensile strength of 4 GPa [1] to 9.5GPa. [2] Other aramids- (such as Kevlar and Twaron) or UHMWPE-fibres (such as Dyneema and Spectra) range from 2.2 to 3.9 GPa. [3]M5 has "very high levels" of fire resistance, flame retardancy, and chemical resistance, especially high for an organic fiber.