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Some of its side effects, including breast pain/tenderness and gynecomastia, are far less likely to occur when the drug is combined with a GnRH analogue, [205] while certain other side effects, including hot flashes, depression, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction, [206] occur much more frequently in combination with a GnRH analogue.
Gynecomastia can be normal in newborn male babies due to exposure to estrogen from the mother, in adolescent boys going through puberty, in older men over the age of 50, and in obese men. [4] Most occurrences of gynecomastia do not require diagnostic tests.
The rates of gynecomastia in men with selective AR antagonist monotherapy have been found to range from 30 to 85%. [102] In addition, antiandrogens can cause infertility, osteoporosis, hot flashes, sexual dysfunction (including loss of libido and erectile dysfunction), depression, fatigue, anemia, and decreased semen/ejaculate volume in males.
The effect of anabolic steroids on the heart can cause myocardial infarction and strokes. [5] Conditions pertaining to hormonal imbalances such as gynecomastia and testicular size reduction may also be caused by AAS. [6] In women and children, AAS can cause irreversible masculinization. [6]
In women, estrogens can additionally cause vaginal bleeding, vaginal discharge, and anovulation, whereas in men, estrogens can additionally cause gynecomastia (male breast development), feminization, demasculinization, sexual dysfunction (reduced libido and erectile dysfunction), hypogonadism, testicular atrophy, and infertility.
The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
In these two meta-analyses, Canadian researchers looked at prior studies on puberty blockers and "gender-affirming hormone therapy" (GAHT) in minors and young adults up to age 26.
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones. [1] They are used for a variety of indications including in fertility medicine and to lower sex hormone levels in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers such as prostate cancer and breast cancer, certain gynecological disorders like heavy periods and endometriosis ...