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The Lorentz group is a subgroup of the Poincaré group—the group of all isometries of Minkowski spacetime. Lorentz transformations are, precisely, isometries that leave the origin fixed. Thus, the Lorentz group is the isotropy subgroup with respect to the origin of the isometry group of Minkowski spacetime.
Lorentz generators can be added together, or multiplied by real numbers, to obtain more Lorentz generators. In other words, the set of all Lorentz generators V = { ζ ⋅ K + θ ⋅ J } {\displaystyle V=\{{\boldsymbol {\zeta }}\cdot \mathbf {K} +{\boldsymbol {\theta }}\cdot \mathbf {J} \}} together with the operations of ordinary matrix ...
[nb 4] One way to guarantee the existence of such representations is the existence of a Lagrangian description (with modest requirements imposed, see the reference) of the system using the canonical formalism, from which a realization of the generators of the Lorentz group may be deduced. [18]
In the fundamental branches of modern physics, namely general relativity and its widely applicable subset special relativity, as well as relativistic quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory, the Lorentz transformation is the transformation rule under which all four-vectors and tensors containing physical quantities transform from one frame of reference to another.
Exponentiating the generators gives the boost and rotation operators which combine into the general Lorentz transformation, under which the spacetime coordinates transform from one rest frame to another boosted and/or rotating frame. Likewise, exponentiating the representations of the generators gives the representations of the boost and ...
A diagram of the commutation structure of the Poincaré algebra. The edges of the diagram connect generators with nonzero commutators. The bottom commutation relation is the ("homogeneous") Lorentz group, consisting of rotations, =, and boosts, =. In this notation, the entire Poincaré algebra is expressible in noncovariant (but more practical ...