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Secondary enuresis occurs after a patient goes through an extended period of dryness at night (six months or more) and then reverts to night-time wetting. Secondary enuresis can be caused by emotional stress or a medical condition, such as a bladder infection. [56]
While 15% to 20% of five‐year‐old children experience nocturnal enuresis which usually goes away as they grow older, approximately 2% to 5% of young adults experience nocturnal enuresis. [38] About 3% of teenagers and 0.5% to 1% of adults experience enuresis or bedwetting, with the chance of it resolving being lower if it is considered ...
[2] [3] The term enuresis is often used to refer to urinary incontinence primarily in children, such as nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting). [4] UI is an example of a stigmatized medical condition, which creates barriers to successful management and makes the problem worse. [5]
The evaluation "should include a comprehensive medical history, a physical, neurological, and developmental examination, and a detailed description of the nocturnal events, sleep-wake schedules, and daytime behaviour”. [3] However, the episodes have a long duration and a low rate of same-night recurrence.
Diurnal enuresis is daytime wetting (functional daytime urinary incontinence). Nocturnal enuresis is nighttime wetting. Enuresis is defined as the involuntary voiding of urine beyond the age of anticipated control. Both of these conditions can occur at the same time, although many children with nighttime wetting will
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate. [9] ADHD symptoms arise from executive dysfunction. [18]
The condition tends to improve with age, with fewer episodes during the teenage years, [2] but may persist into the teenage years or adulthood. [3] A survey of 99 student nurses indicated that about 25% had experienced such a wetting event during their lifetime, and about 10% were still susceptible in their late teens.
Some patients with nocturia have neither global nor nocturnal polyuria, according to the above criteria. Such patients most likely have a bladder storage disorder that impacts their nighttime voiding, or a sleep disorder. Nocturnal bladder capacity (NBC) is defined as the largest voided volume during the sleep period. [citation needed]